NEAR Protocol (NEAR) 是什麼？專為 AI 打造的分片式 Layer 1 公鏈

NEAR Protocol（NEAR）是專為 AI 打造的高效能 Layer 1 公鏈，由《Attention Is All You Need》論文共同作者 Illia Polosukhin 共同創立。透過 Nightshade 分片技術達成高吞吐、低費用，並以「鏈抽象」與 NEAR Intents 打造能讓自主 AI 代理跨鏈執行交易的底層基礎設施。

什麼是 NEAR

NEAR Protocol 是一條採用「分片（Sharding）」架構的高效能 Layer 1 公鏈，由前 Google 研究員 Illia Polosukhin 與分散式系統專家 Alexander Skidanov 於 2018 年共同創立，2020 年 4 月啟動主網。值得一提的是，共同創辦人 Illia Polosukhin 正是奠定當今生成式 AI 基礎的 2017 年經典論文——《Attention Is All You Need》（提出 Transformer 架構，ChatGPT、Gemini 皆源於此）的共同作者之一。

也正因這樣的 AI 基因，NEAR 近年明確將主軸定位在「AI 與區塊鏈的交會點」：透過獨創的 Nightshade 分片技術達成高吞吐、低費用（單筆交易成本通常低於 0.01 美元），並以「鏈抽象（Chain Abstraction）」與 NEAR Intents 系統，打造能讓自主 AI 代理（AI Agents）跨鏈執行支付與交易的底層基礎設施。原生代幣 NEAR（符號：Ⓝ）則用於支付 Gas 手續費、儲存費用、質押與鏈上治理。

NEAR 的核心特色

1. Nightshade 分片：可動態伸縮的高效能引擎

NEAR 最核心的技術是名為「Nightshade」的分片機制，能將交易分散到多個平行分片（Shards）上同時處理，而非傳統區塊鏈的依序處理，藉此在不犧牲去中心化與安全性的前提下大幅提升吞吐量。

2026 年 6 月的 v2.13 升級導入了動態重分片（Dynamic Resharding）：網路可即時監控各分片負載，自動將過熱分片拆分、把閒置分片合併，實現真正「彈性水平擴張」。
這對負載難以預測的 AI 工作負載（如推理付費、代理間競價）尤其重要，也讓 NEAR 在 2025 年底創下公開可驗證的**「每秒百萬筆交易（1M TPS）」**壓力測試紀錄。

2. 人類可讀的帳戶模型與後量子安全

與多數公鏈使用一長串密碼學位址不同，NEAR 採用人類可讀的帳戶名稱（例如 alice.near），並支援金鑰輪替（Key Rotation）與多金鑰存取。這不僅大幅改善使用者體驗，也讓 NEAR 成為首批導入 NIST 核准之「後量子（Post-Quantum）」簽章方案（FIPS-204 / ML-DSA）的主流 Layer 1 之一——使用者只需一筆金鑰輪替交易，即可升級為抗量子金鑰，而無須重建帳戶。

3. 鏈抽象與 NEAR Intents：跨鏈交易的協調層

NEAR 主打「鏈抽象」願景，讓使用者不必在意底層是哪一條鏈。其核心產品 NEAR Intents 讓使用者只需宣告「想要的結果」（在 A 鏈付出資產 X、在 B 鏈收到資產 Y），再由「解算器（Solver）」網路競爭性地完成路徑選擇與跨鏈結算，目前已支援 35+ 條區塊鏈、累計跨鏈交易量突破數十億美元，並整合進 SimpleSwap（逾 1,000 萬用戶）、Ledger 硬體錢包等平台。此外，2026 年推出的**機密 Intents（Confidential Intents）**透過可信執行環境（TEE）打造私密分片，可隱藏交易對、金額與方向，有效抵禦 MEV 與搶跑（Frontrunning）。

代幣經濟學與 AI 敘事：邁向「自我永續」與「AI 貨幣」

NEAR 的代幣經濟正經歷結構性轉型，核心目標是從「靠增發補貼」走向「靠協議收入自我永續」，並將代幣價值與 AI 算力直接掛鉤：

通膨減半與淨通縮： 2025 年底的「減半升級」已將最高年通膨率由 5% 直接砍半至 2.5%；網路目前銷毀約 70% 的底層 Gas 手續費，並將 100% 的 NEAR Intents 手續費導入代幣回購，使 NEAR 一度進入淨通縮狀態。
協議主權財富基金： 2026 年 8 月，共同創辦人 Illia Polosukhin 提案設立「協議主權財富基金」，以約 3,000 萬枚 NEAR（約 5,300 萬～5,700 萬美元）為初始資金，並將 100% 協議收入投入可產生收益的資產（類似挪威主權基金與大學校務基金），目標是用基金收益取代新代幣增發，最終將通膨率降至 0%、邁向固定總量。
質押 NEAR，換取 AI 算力： 2026 年 8 月，NEAR 公布迄今最重要的代幣升級——質押 NEAR 將可直接分配到 AI 推理（Inference）資源，等於讓代幣成為「在可驗證環境中對算力的請求權」，被市場稱為**「AI 貨幣（AI Money）」**。收入面也開始兌現：據 Nansen 第二季報告，NEAR 的手續費捕獲率已由歷史平均 11.5% 攀升至近 30 天的 30.5%。

投資 NEAR 需留意的市場隱患與重要風險揭露

NEAR 擁有堅實的技術底蘊與明確的 AI 敘事，但作為高成長潛力資產，投資人進場前仍應理性評估以下風險（以下資訊擷取日期：2026/08/13）：

敘事與實際採用的落差： NEAR 的「AI 區塊鏈」願景宏大，但 AI 代理經濟仍處早期階段，且鏈上活動一度高度集中於少數應用。若核心敘事的實際採用不如預期，代幣估值可能面臨修正。
代幣經濟轉型的執行風險： 「主權財富基金」提案雖具願景，但仍在治理討論階段、尚未定案。將協議金庫轉為主動投資基金會引入資本部署與智能合約風險；若市場系統性下跌，基金資產亦可能虧損。
治理集中度疑慮： 雖然治理已透過「House of Stake」上鏈運作，但社群仍擔憂大額持幣者可能透過質押加權投票主導決策方向（治理捕獲），使少數大戶利益凌駕於長期公共財之上。
供給全面解鎖與競爭風險： NEAR 已進入「供給全面解鎖」階段，早期投資人與團隊代幣不再受鎖倉限制；同時 Layer 1 賽道競爭激烈（如 Solana、Ethereum L2 等），NEAR 需持續證明其技術與生態的差異化優勢。

NEAR Protocol 自 2020 年主網上線以來，已維持 100% 的網路正常運行時間（Uptime），技術部署穩健、無涉不實宣傳。然而，請投資人交易前務必知悉上述敘事落差、代幣經濟轉型、治理集中度與市場競爭等風險，理性評估自身的風險承受能力。

總結

NEAR Protocol 巧妙地將「頂尖 AI 血統」與「高效能區塊鏈基礎設施」結合在一起。從 Nightshade 動態分片、鏈抽象與 NEAR Intents，到後量子安全與「質押換算力」的創新設計，NEAR 正試圖成為未來「AI 代理經濟」的結算層與協調層。其技術創新與正在轉型的自我永續代幣經濟，使它在 AI 賽道中佔據獨特位置；但敘事能否轉化為真實且可持續的採用，仍需時間檢驗。在配置這類高成長潛力的資產時，建議密切關注 NEAR Intents 的實際收入與 AI 生態的落地進度。

參考資料與官方連結

NEAR Protocol 官方網站： NEAR Official Website
NEAR 治理論壇（House of Stake）： NEAR Governance Forum
NEAR 官方文件： NEAR Documentation
NEAR 代幣市場數據（CoinMarketCap）： NEAR Market Data & Tokenomics

立即在 MaiCoin 買賣 NEAR： https://www.maicoin.com/market/NEAR

(註：以上內容僅供參考，投資虛擬資產具有風險，請投資人評估自身風險承受能力。)

What Is NEAR Protocol (NEAR)? A Sharded Layer-1 Built for AI, Founded by a Co-Author of “Attention Is All You Need”

NEAR Protocol is a high-performance Layer-1 blockchain built on a sharding architecture, co-founded in 2018 by former Google researcher Illia Polosukhin and distributed-systems expert Alexander Skidanov, with its mainnet going live in April 2020. Notably, co-founder Illia Polosukhin is one of the co-authors of the seminal 2017 paper “Attention Is All You Need”—the work that introduced the Transformer architecture underpinning today’s generative AI (from ChatGPT to Gemini).

It is precisely this AI DNA that has led NEAR to position itself squarely at “the intersection of AI and blockchain.” Through its proprietary Nightshade sharding technology, NEAR achieves high throughput and ultra-low fees (transactions typically cost less than $0.01), while its “Chain Abstraction” vision and NEAR Intents system aim to become the underlying infrastructure that lets autonomous AI agents execute cross-chain payments and transactions. The native token, NEAR (symbol: Ⓝ), is used for gas fees, storage costs, staking, and on-chain governance.

Core Features of NEAR

1. Nightshade Sharding: A High-Performance, Dynamically Scalable Engine

NEAR’s core technology is a sharding mechanism called “Nightshade,” which distributes transactions across multiple parallel shards to be processed simultaneously—rather than sequentially like traditional blockchains—dramatically increasing throughput without sacrificing decentralization or security.

The v2.13 upgrade in June 2026 introduced Dynamic Resharding: the network monitors each shard’s load in real time and automatically splits overheated shards or merges underused ones, achieving true elastic horizontal scaling.
This is especially important for AI workloads with unpredictable demand (such as inference payments and agent-to-agent bidding), and helped NEAR set a publicly verifiable “1 million TPS” benchmark in late 2025.

2. Human-Readable Accounts and Post-Quantum Security

Unlike most chains that use long cryptographic addresses, NEAR uses human-readable account names (e.g., alice.near) and supports key rotation and multi-key access. This not only greatly improves user experience but also makes NEAR one of the first major Layer-1s to adopt a NIST-approved “post-quantum” signing scheme (FIPS-204 / ML-DSA)—users can upgrade to quantum-safe keys with a single key-rotation transaction, without creating a new account.

3. Chain Abstraction and NEAR Intents: A Coordination Layer for Cross-Chain Transactions

NEAR champions a “Chain Abstraction” vision that frees users from worrying about which underlying chain they’re on. Its flagship product, NEAR Intents, lets users simply declare a “desired outcome” (spend asset X on Chain A, receive asset Y on Chain B), while a competitive network of “Solvers” handles route selection and cross-chain settlement. It already supports 35+ blockchains with cumulative cross-chain volume exceeding billions of dollars, and is integrated into platforms such as SimpleSwap (over 10 million users) and Ledger hardware wallets. Additionally, Confidential Intents, launched in 2026, uses a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) to create a private shard that hides trading pairs, amounts, and direction—effectively resisting MEV and frontrunning.

Tokenomics and the AI Narrative: Toward “Self-Sustainability” and “AI Money”

NEAR’s token economy is undergoing a structural transformation—shifting from “subsidy via emissions” to “self-sustainability via protocol revenue”—while tying token value directly to AI compute:

Inflation Halving and Net-Deflation: The late-2025 “Halving Upgrade” cut the maximum annual inflation rate in half, from 5% to 2.5%. The network currently burns ~70% of base-layer gas fees and routes 100% of NEAR Intents fees into token buybacks, briefly pushing NEAR into a net-deflationary state.
Protocol Sovereign Wealth Fund: In August 2026, co-founder Illia Polosukhin proposed a “Protocol Sovereign Wealth Fund,” seeded with ~30 million NEAR (about $53M–$57M) and channeling 100% of protocol revenue into yield-generating assets (inspired by Norway’s sovereign fund and university endowments). The goal is to replace new emissions with fund yields, ultimately driving inflation toward 0% and moving NEAR toward a fixed supply.
Stake NEAR, Get AI Compute: In August 2026, NEAR unveiled its most consequential token upgrade to date—staking NEAR now directly allocates AI inference resources, effectively turning the token into a “claim on compute within a verifiable environment,” dubbed “AI Money” by the market. Revenue is also materializing: per Nansen’s Q2 report, NEAR’s fee capture rate rose from a lifetime average of 11.5% to 30.5% over the trailing 30 days.

Market Risks and Key Disclosures to Note Before Investing

NEAR has solid technical foundations and a clear AI narrative, but as a high-growth-potential asset, investors should rationally assess the following risks before entering (information as of: 2026/08/13):

Gap Between Narrative and Actual Adoption: NEAR’s “AI blockchain” vision is grand, but the AI agent economy is still early, and on-chain activity has at times been highly concentrated in a few applications. If real-world adoption falls short, the token’s valuation could face correction.
Execution Risk of the Tokenomics Transition: While visionary, the “Sovereign Wealth Fund” proposal is still in the governance discussion phase and not finalized. Turning the treasury into an active investment fund introduces capital-deployment and smart-contract risk; fund assets could also suffer losses during a systemic downturn.
Governance Concentration Concerns: Although governance now runs on-chain via the “House of Stake,” the community still worries that large holders could dominate decisions through stake-weighted voting (governance capture), prioritizing a few whales over long-term public goods.
Fully Unlocked Supply and Competitive Risk: NEAR has entered a “fully unlocked supply” phase, so early-investor and team tokens are no longer subject to vesting. Meanwhile, the Layer-1 arena is fiercely competitive (e.g., Solana, Ethereum L2s), and NEAR must continually prove its differentiated advantages.

Since its mainnet launch in 2020, NEAR Protocol has maintained 100% network uptime, with stable technical deployment and no involvement in false advertising. Nonetheless, investors should be fully aware of the risks above—narrative-adoption gaps, the tokenomics transition, governance concentration, and market competition—and rationally assess their own risk tolerance before trading.

Summary

NEAR Protocol skillfully combines “top-tier AI pedigree” with “high-performance blockchain infrastructure.” From Nightshade dynamic sharding, Chain Abstraction, and NEAR Intents, to post-quantum security and the innovative “stake-for-compute” design, NEAR is positioning itself as the settlement and coordination layer for the coming “AI agent economy.” Its technical innovation and transitioning, self-sustaining tokenomics give it a unique place in the AI sector—but whether the narrative can translate into real, sustainable adoption remains to be tested. When allocating to this kind of high-growth-potential asset, we recommend closely monitoring NEAR Intents’ actual revenue and the ground-level progress of the AI ecosystem.